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A Family of Putative Metalloproteases in the Salivary Glands of the Tick Ixodes ricinus

Authors: Yves Decrem, Jérôme Beaufays, Virginie Blasioli, Kathia Lahaye, Michel Brossard, Luc Vanhamme, and Edmond Godfroid

Field: Molecular Biology, Parasitology, Entomology

Document Content: This study describes a multigene family of five putative metalloproteases (Metis) found in the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes ricinus. These metalloproteases are induced during the blood meal and play a role in counteracting host defenses. The research highlights the evolutionary divergence within this family, driven by positive Darwinian selection, leading to variations in expression, functional heterogeneity, and antigenic diversity. The findings suggest that these Metis proteins interfere with host fibrinolysis, potentially facilitating the tick’s blood meal by inhibiting wound healing. The study also investigates the temporal, tissue-specific, and individual-specific expression patterns of these genes and their contribution to tick survival and blood meal completion.

Detailed Table of Contents:

  • Introduction
  • Keywords
  • Correspondence
  • Database
  • Results: A multigene family encoding putative metalloproteases
  • Phylogenic analysis of the Metis family indicated the existence of three subgroups
  • Antigenic variability among the Metis family
  • Time-specific, tissue-specific and individual-specific expression of Metis
  • Metis proteins contributed to completion of the blood meal
  • Metis proteins interfered with fibrinolysis
  • Discussion
  • Experimental procedures: Ticks, SGEs and saliva
  • cDNA library screening and RACE
  • RNA extraction and RT-PCR analysis
  • Expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells
  • SDS/PAGE and western blot analysis
  • DNA immunization
  • siRNA
  • siRNA silencing in COS-1 cells
  • siRNA interference in live ticks
  • Ex vivo siRNA silencing in salivary glands
  • Fibrinolysis assay – euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT)
  • Bioinformatics
  • Statistical analyses
  • Animal use
  • Acknowledgements
  • References